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$Unique_ID{USH00543}
$Pretitle{63}
$Title{Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
antiarmor helicopter - Army service area}
$Subtitle{}
$Author{Joint Chiefs of Staff}
$Affiliation{Department of Defense}
$Subject{dod
area
iadb
nato
mine
air
army
armed
antisubmarine
operations}
$Volume{JCS Pub 1}
$Date{1987}
$Log{}
Book: Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
Author: Joint Chiefs of Staff
Affiliation: Department of Defense
Volume: JCS Pub 1
Date: 1987
antiarmor helicopter - Army service area
antiarmor helicopter: (DOD, NATO) A helicopter armed primarily for use in
the destruction of armored targets. Also called antitank helicopter.
anticountermining device: (DOD, NATO) A device fitted in an influence mine
designed to prevent its actuation by shock.
anticrop agent: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A living organism or chemical used to
cause disease or damage to selected food or industrial crops.
anticrop operation: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The employment of anticrop agents in
military operations to destroy the enemy's source of selected food or
industrial crops. See also anti-plant agent; herbicide.
antic suit: (DOD, IADB) A device worn by aircrew to counteract the effects
on the human body of positive acceleration.
antilift device: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A device arranged to detonate the mine to
which it is attached, or to detonate another mine or charge nearby, if
the mine is disturbed.
antimateriel agent: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A living organism or chemical used to
cause deterioration of, or damage to, selected material.
antimateriel operation: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The employment of antimateriel
weapons or agents in military operations.
antipersonnel mine (land mine warfare): (DOD, IADB) A mine designed to cause
casualties to personnel. See also mine.
antiplant agent: (DOD, IADB) A microorganism or chemical that will kill,
disease, or damage plants. See also anticrop agent; herbicide.
antiradiation missile: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A missile which homes passively on
a radiation source.
antirecovery device: (DOD, NATO) In naval mine warfare, any device in a mine
designed to prevent an enemy discovering details of the working of the
mine mechanism.
antisubmarine action: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An operation by one or more
antisubmarine ships or aircraft, or a combination of both, against a
particular enemy submarine.
antisubmarine air close support: (DOD, IADB) Air operations for the
antisubmarine warfare protection of a supported force. These operations
are normally carried out within 80 nautical miles of the force, but this
limit may be varied at the discretion of the controlling officer in
tactical command.
antisubmarine air distant support: (DOD, IADB) Antisubmarine air support at
a distance from, but directly related to, specific convoys or forces.
antisubmarine air search attack unit: (DOD, IADB) The designation given to
one or more aircraft separately organized as a tactical unit to search
for and destroy submarines.
antisubmarine barrier: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The line formed by a series of
static devices or mobile units arranged for the purpose of detecting,
denying passage to, or destroying hostile submarines. See also
antisubmarine patrol.
antisubmarine carrier group: (NATO, IADB) A formed group of ships consisting
of one or more antisubmarine carriers and a number of escort vessels
whose primary mission is to detect and destroy submarines. Such groups
may be employed in convoy support or hunter/killer roles.
antisubmarine minefield: (NATO) A field laid specifically against
submarines. It may be laid shallow and be unsafe for all craft,
including submarines, or laid deep with the aim of being safe for surface
ships.
antisubmarine operation: (DOD, IADB) Operation contributing to the conduct
of antisubmarine warfare.
antisubmarine patrol: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The systematic and continuing
investigation of an area or along a line to detect or hamper submarines,
used when the direction of submarine movement can be established.
antisubmarine rocket: (DOD, IADB) A surface ship-launched, rocket-propelled,
nuclear depth charge or homing torpedo. Designated as RUR-5A. Popular
name is ASROC.
antisubmarine screen: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An arrangement of ships and/or
aircraft for the protection of a screened unit against attack by a
submarine.
antisubmarine search: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Systematic investigation of a
particular area for the purpose of locating a submarine known or
suspected to be somewhere in the area. Some types of search are also
used in locating the position of a distress incident.
antisubmarine support operation: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An operation conducted by
an antisubmarine force in the area around a force or convoy, in areas
through which the force or convoy is passing, or in defense of geographic
areas. Support operations may be completely coordinated with those of
the force or convoy, or they may be independent operations coordinated
only to the extent of providing operational intelligence and information.
antisubmarine torpedo: (DOD, IADB) A submarine-launched, long-range,
high-speed, wire-guided, deep-diving, wakeless torpedo capable of
carrying a nuclear warhead for use in antisubmarine and antisurface ship
operations. Also called ASTOR.
antisubmarine warfare: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Operations conducted with the
intention of denying the enemy the effective use of his submarines.
antisubmarine warfare forces: (DOD, IADB) Forces organized primarily for
antisubmarine action. May be composed of surface ships, aircraft,
submarines, or any combination of these, and their supporting systems.
antisurface air operation: (DOD, NATO) An air operation conducted in an air/
sea environment against enemy surface forces.
antisweep device: (DOD, NATO) Any device incorporated in the mooring of a
mine or obstructor, or in the mine circuits to make the sweeping of the
mine more difficult.
antisweeper mine: (DOD, NATO) A mine which is laid or whose mechanism is
designed or adjusted, with the specific object of damaging mine
countermeasure vehicles. See also mine.
antitank helicopter: See antiarmor helicopter.
antitank mine: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A mine designed to immobilize or destroy a
tank. See also mine.
antiterrorism: (DOD) Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of
individuals and property to terrorism. Also called AT. See also
counterterrorism; terrorism.
antivignetting filter: (DOD, NATO) A filter bearing a deposit which is
graduated in density to correct for the uneven illumination given by
certain lenses, particularly wideangle types.
antiwatching device: (DOD, NATO) A device fitted in a moored mine which
causes it to sink should it watch, so as to prevent the position of the
mine or minefield being disclosed. See also watching mine.
apogee: (DOD, IADB) The point at which a missile trajectory or a satellite
orbit is farthest from the center of the gravitational field of the
controlling body or bodies.
apparent horizon: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The visible line of demarcation between
land/sea and sky.
apparent precession: (DOD, NATO) The apparent deflection of the gyro axis,
relative to the earth, due to the rotating effect of the earth and not
due to any applied force. Also called apparent wander.
apparent wander: See apparent precession.
appendix: (DOD, IADB) A subsidiary addition to a main paper. Details
essential to the main paper but too bulky or numerous to include therein
are usually embodied in appendices.
applicable materiel assets: (DOD) That portion of the total acceptable
materiel assets that meets the military or other characteristics as
defined by the responsible Military Service and that is in the right
condition and location to satisfy a specific military requirement.
application: (DOD, IADB) The system or problem to which a computer is
applied. Reference is often made to an application as being either
of the computational type, wherein arithmetic computations
predominate, or of the data processing type, wherein data handling
operations predominate.
applied research: (DOD, IADB) Research concerned with the practical
application of knowledge, material, and/or techniques directed toward a
solution to an existent or anticipated military requirement. See also
basic research; research.
apportionment: (DOD, NATO) The determination and assignment of the total
expected effort by percentage and/or by priority that should be devoted
to the various air operations and/or geographic areas for a given period
of time.
appreciation of the situation: See estimate of the situation.
appreciations: (DOD) Assumptions, estimates, and facts about an opponent's
intentions and military capabilities used in planning and decision
making:
a. desired appreciations - Adversary estimates that result in adversary
intentions and military capabilities to friendly advantage.
b. essential secrecy - Specific unknowns or uncertainties that prevent
or hinder adversary derivation of accurate estimates or knowledge of
facts, and effective planning and decision making.
c. harmful appreciations - Adversary assumptions or estimates to provide
for unknowns or uncertainties, or necessary and sufficient known facts,
that result in adversary intentions and military capabilities to friendly
disadvantage.
approach clearance: (DOD) Authorization for a pilot conducting flight in
accordance with instrument flight rules to commence an approach to an
airport.
approach end: (DOD, NATO) That end of a runway nearest to the direction from
which the final approach is made.
approach lane: (DOD, NATO, IADB) An extension of a boat lane from the line
of departure toward the transport area. It may be terminated by marker
ships, boats or buoys.
approach march: (DOD, NATO) Advance of a combat unit when direct contact
with the enemy is imminent. Troops are fully or partially deployed. The
approach march ends when ground contact with the enemy is made or when
the attack position is occupied. See also advance to contact.
approach route: (NATO) A route which joins a port to a coastal or transit
route.
approach schedule: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The schedule which indicates, for each
scheduled wave, the time of departure from the rendezvous area, from the
line of departure, and from other control points and the time of arrival
at the beach.
approach sequence: (DOD, NATO) The order in which two or more aircraft are
cleared for an approach.
approach time: (DOD, IADB) The time at which an aircraft is expected to
commence approach procedure.
approach time: NATO) The time at which an aircraft commences its final
approach preparatory to landing.
apron: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A defined area, on an airfield, intended to
accommodate aircraft for purposes of loading or unloading passengers or
cargo, refueling, parking, or maintenance.
area: See also advisory area; aircraft dispersal area; aircraft marshalling
area; air defense action area; alighting area; amphibious vehicle
launching area; area control center; assembly area; caution area; closed
area; concentration area; control area; danger area; defensive coastal
area; embarkation area; fire support area; homogeneous area; impact area;
initial approach area; key areas; landing area; maneuvering area;
maritime area; naval support area; objective area; prohibited area;
run-up area; signal area; staging area; submarine patrol areas; terminal
control area; transit area. See also zone.
area air defense commander: (DOD) Within an overseas unified command,
subordinate unified command, or joint task force, the commander will
assign overall responsibility for air defense to a single commander.
Normally, this will be the Air Force component commander. Representation
from the other Service components involved will be provided, as
appropriate, to the area air defense commander's headquarters.
area bombing: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Bombing of a target which is in effect a
general area rather than a small or pinpoint target.
area command: (IADB) A command which is composed of those organized elements
of one or more of the armed services, designated to operate in a specific
geographical area, which are placed under a single commander, e.g.;
Commander of a Unified Command, Area Commander. See also command.
area command: (DOD, NATO) A command which is composed of those organized
elements of one or more of the armed services, designated to operate in a
specific geographical area, which are placed under a single commander.
See also command.
area control center: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A unit established to provide air
traffic control service to controlled flights in control areas under its
jurisdiction. See also air traffic control center; flight information
region.
area coordination group: (DOD, IADB) A composite organization, including
representatives of local military, paramilitary, and other governmental
agencies and their US counterparts, responsible for planning and
coordinating internal defense and development operations. (Note: IADB
does not use the words "and their United States counterparts.")
area damage control: (DOD, NATO, IADB) Measures taken before, during or
after hostile action or natural or man-made disasters, to reduce the
probability of damage and minimize its effects. See also damage control;
disaster control; rear area security.
area of influence: (DOD, NATO) A geographical area wherein a commander is
directly capable of influencing operations, by maneuver or fire support
systems normally under his command or control.
area of intelligence responsibility: (DOD, NATO) An area allocated to a
commander, in which he is responsible for the provision of intelligence,
within the means at his disposal. See also area of responsibility.
area of interest: (DOD, NATO, IADB) That area of concern to the commander,
including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending
into enemy territory to the objectives of current or planned operations.
This area also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could
jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission.
area of militarily significant fallout: (DOD, NATO, IADB) The area in which
radioactive fallout affects the ability of military units to carry out
their normal mission.
area of northern operations: (DOD) A region of variable width in the
Northern Hemisphere that lies north of the 50 degrees isotherm - a line
along which the average temperature of the warmest 4-month period of the
year does not exceed 50 degrees Fahrenheit. Mountain regions located
outside of this area are included in this category of operations provided
these same temperature conditions exist.
area of operational interest: (NATO) In air defense, an area in which
automatic cross-telling of tracks of interest is provided to an adjacent
site based on established criteria, such as identity and location.
area of operations: (DOD, NATO) That portion of an area of war necessary for
military operations and for the administration of such operations.
area of responsibility: (DOD, NATO, IADB) 1. A defined area of land in
which responsibility is specifically assigned to the commander of the
area for the development and maintenance of installations, control of
movement and the conduct of tactical operations involving troops under
his control along with parallel authority to exercise these functions.
2. In naval usage, a predefined area of enemy terrain for which
supporting ships are responsible for covering by fire on known targets or
targets of opportunity and by observation.
area of war: (DOD, IADB) That area of land, sea, and air which is, or may
become, directly involved in the operations of war.
area operations: (DOD, NATO) In maritime usage, operations conducted in a
geographical area and not related to the protection of a specific force.
area radar prediction analysis: (DOD) Radar target intelligence study
designed to provide radar significant data for use in the preparation of
radar target predictions.
area search: (DOD, IADB) Visual reconnaissance of limited or defined areas.
area search: (NATO) Reconnaissance or search of a specific area to provide
new or updated information on general or specific situations and/or
activities.
area target: (DOD, NATO, IADB) A target consisting of an area rather than a
single point.
areodesy: (DOD) The branch of mathematics which determines, by observation
and measurement, the exact positions of points and the figures and areas
of large portions of the surface of the planet Mars, or the shape and
size of the planet Mars.
areodetic: (DOD) Of, pertaining to, or determined by areodesy.
armed forces: (DOD, IADB) The military forces of a nation or a group of
nations. See also force(s).
armed forces censorship: (DOD) The examination and control of personal
communications to or from persons in the Armed Forces of the United
States and persons accompanying or serving with the Armed Forces of the
United States. See also censorship.
armed forces courier: (DOD, IADB) An officer or enlisted member in the grade
of E-7 or above, of the US Armed Forces, assigned to perform Armed Forces
Courier Service duties and identified by possession of an Armed Forces
Courier Service Identification Card (ARF-COS Form 9). See also courier.
Armed Forces Courier Service: (DOD) A joint service of the Departments of
the Army, the Navy, and the Air Force, with the Chief of Staff, US Army,
as Executive Agent. The courier service provides one of the available
methods for the secure and expeditious transmission of material requiring
protected handling by military courier.
armed forces courier station: (DOD) An Army, Navy, or Air Force activity,
approved by the respective military department and officially designated
by Headquarters, Armed Forces Courier Service, for the acceptance,
processing, and dispatching of Armed Forces Courier Service material.
Armed Forces of the United States: (DOD) A term used to denote collectively
all components of the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, and Coast
Guard. See also United States Armed Forces.
armed helicopter: (DOD, NATO) A helicopter fitted with weapons or weapon
systems.
armed mine: (DOD, NATO) A mine from which all safety devices have been
withdrawn and, after laying, all automatic safety features and/or arming
delays have operated. Such a mine is ready to function after receipt of
a target signal, influence or contact.
armed mine: (IADB) A mine ready for actuation. See also mine.
armed reconnaissance: (DOD, IADB) A mission with the primary purpose of
locating and attacking targets of opportunity, i.e., enemy materiel,
personnel, and facilities, in assigned general areas or along assigned
ground communications routes, and not for the purpose of attacking
specific briefed targets.
armed reconnaissance: (NATO) An air mission flown with the primary purpose
of locating and attacking targets of opportunity, i.e., enemy materiel,
personnel, and facilities, in assigned general areas or along assigned
ground communications routes, and not for the purpose of attacking
specific briefed targets.
armed sweep: (DOD, NATO) A sweep fitted with cutters or other devices to
increase its ability to cut mine moorings.
arming: (DOD, NATO, IADB) As applied to explosives, weapons, and ammunition,
the changing from a safe condition to a state of readiness for
initiation.
arming delay device: (DOD, NATO) A device fitted in a mine to prevent it
being actuated for a present time after laying.
arming lanyard: See arming wire.
arming pin: (DOD, NATO) A safety device which is inserted into a fuze to
prevent the arming cycle from starting until its removal.
arming system: (DOD, IADB) That portion of a weapon which serves to ready
(arm), safe, or re-safe (disarm) the firing system and fuzing system and
which may actuate devices in the nuclear system.
arming wire: (DOD, NATO) A cable, wire, or lanyard attached to the aircraft
(usually at the arming unit) and routed to a weapon system (i.e. fuze
fin, parachute pack, etc.) to prevent arming initiation prior to weapon
release. Also called "safety wire"; "arming lanyard"; "safety lanyard."
armored personnel carrier: (DOD) A lightly armored, highly mobile,
full-tracked vehicle, amphibious and air-droppable, used primarily for
transporting personnel and their individual equipment during tactical
operations. Production modifications or application of special kits
permit use as a mortar carrier, command post, flame thrower, antiaircraft
artillery chassis, or limited recovery vehicle.
armored reconnaissance airborne assault vehicle: (DOD, IADB) A lightly
armored, mobile, full-tracked vehicle serving as the main reconnaissance
vehicle in infantry and airborne operations, and as the principal assault
weapon of airborne troops.
arms control: (DOD, IADB) A concept that connotes: a. any plan,
arrangement, or process, resting upon explicit or implicit international
agreement, governing any aspect of the following: the numbers, types, and
performance characteristics of weapon systems (including the command and
control, logistics support arrangements, and any related intelligence
gathering mechanism); and the numerical strength, organization,
equipment, deployment or employment of the armed forces retained by the
parties. (It encompasses "disarmament.") and b. on some occasions,
those measures taken for the purpose of reducing instability in the
military environment.
arms control agreement: (DOD, IADB) The written or unwritten embodiment of
the acceptance of one or more arms control measures by two or more
nations.
arms control agreement verification: (DOD, IADB) A concept that entails the
collection, processing, and reporting of data indicating testing or
employment of proscribed weapon systems, including country of origin and
location, weapon and payload identification, and event type.
arms control measure: (DOD, IADB) Any specific arms control course of
action.
armstrong: (DOD) The term, peculiar to the Air Support Radar Team,
indicating both the command and response for arming and fuzing circuit
activation.
army: (NATO) 1. A formation larger than an army corps but smaller than an
army group. It usually consists of two or more army corps. 2. In
certain nations "army" is the land component of the armed forces. 3. In
certain nations "army" covers all the armed forces.
Army Air Defense Command Post: (DOD, IADB) The tactical headquarters of an
Army air defense commander.
Army air-ground system: (DOD, IADB) The Army system which provides for
interface between Army and tactical air support agencies of other
Services in the planning, evaluating, processing, and coordinating of air
support requirements and operations. It is composed of appropriate staff
members, including G-2 air and G-3 air personnel, and necessary
communication equipment.
Army base: (DOD) A base or group of installations for which a local
commander is responsible, consisting of facilities necessary for support
of Army activities including security, internal lines of communication,
utilities, plants and systems, and real property for which the Army has
operating responsibility. See also base complex.
Army corps: (DOD, IADB) A tactical unit larger than a division and smaller
than a field army. A corps usually consists of two or more divisions
together with auxiliary arms and services.
army corps: (NATO) A formation larger than a division but smaller than an
army or army group. It usually consists to two or more divisions
together with supporting arms and services. Also called corps.
Army group: (DOD, IADB) Several field armies under a designated commander.
army group: (NATO) The largest formation of land forces, normally comprising
two or more armies or army corps under a designated commander.
Army service area: (DOD, IADB) The territory between the corps rear boundary
and the combat zone rear boundary. Most of the Army administrative
establishment and service troops are usually located in this area. See
also rear area.